Petee caldwell



(No Model.) I

P. CALDWELL, J1. SPADE 0R SHQVEL.

Nd. 519,104. Patenfed May 1, 1894.

m: NATIONAL umoaRAPHma coMPANv.

WABNINGTON, o. c

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PETER CALDWELL, JR, 0E WARRINGTON, ENGLAND.

SPADE OR SHQVEL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 519,104, dated May 1,1894. Application filed November 23, 1891. Serial No. 412,784. (Nomodel.) Patented in England August 27, 1890, ITO-13,452.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PETER CALDWELL, J r., a subject of the Queen ofGreat Britain and Ireland, and a resident of Warrington, in the countyof Lancaster, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Spades or Shovels, (for which I have obtained Letters Patent inEngland, dated August 27, 1890, No. 13,452,) of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to all kinds of langet or strapped spades andshovels and its objects are to enable the spade or shovel to bemanufactured without welding, and also to enable the cofer or opening inthe blade to be dispensed with and thus to obviate the necessity foremploying wedgewood and rivets in the blade.

In carrying out my invention, I forge, cut or otherwise similarlyproduce a blank having a tang thereon, the shape and dimensions of theblank and tang being determined by the shape and dimensions of therequired spade or shovel. The tang on the blank is then sawed or splitand the blade and straps are forged to the required form from the solid.

. If the spade be required to be provided with a tread, this is alsoforged from the solid blade or blank, so that there is no weld or jointin any part of the spade and straps, and it is impossible for the treadsto be forced off the blade.

I will more particularly describe my said invention with reference tothe accompanying drawings, in which Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4: representthe spade or shovel in successive stages of manufacture; and Fig. '5 acompleted and handled spade constructed according to these improvements.

Fig. 1 shows the rough blank of which the part A will form the blade ofthe future spade or shovel, and the part B the straps.

As shown in Fig. 2 which represents the article in the following stageof manufacture, the tang B has been cut or slit longitudinally down tothe blade so as to produce the ele mentary form of the two straps. Thiscut or slit is preferably made by means of a circular saw such as isemployed for cutting iron and steel. The blank is next hammered orforged by the usual means to the approximate form of the future spade orshovel as indicated by Fig. 3, the upper middle part 0 or the whole ofthe central and upper part of the blade being left thicker than theremainder of the blade to such an extent as may be required to insurethe necessary strength or form. The blade is then cut or sheared by thecustomary means to'the required dimensionsfas indicated by Fig.4. Beforethe blade is cut (or afterward, if desired) the straps are forged ordrawn out from the divided tangB to the finished shape, upon asuitablyformed mandrel or former, this mandrel or former having such a shape anddimensions as will enable the handle to fit in the space left by itbetween the straps. Finally the straps are trimmed by shears asindicated by Fig. 5.

When the spade is required to be provided with a tread such as is shownat F in Fig. 5, the upper ends of the solid blade are hammered down orforged out of the solid blade so as to form the treads, during theprocess of manufacture, and preferably after the stage represented byFig. 3.

Having now particularly described my said invention, I declare that whatI claim is- A spade or shovel having a handle socket formed integrallywith the blade and consisting of two langets or tongues separated downto the line of the treads on a plane coincident with the blade, andembracing the handleon opposite sides, the blade being solid throughout,substantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed myname, in presence of two witnesses, this 1st day of October, 1891.

PETER CALDWELL, J R.

Witnesses:

WILLIAM E. HEYs, GEORGE W. ROWE.

